1.1 Anthropometric Data
Anthropometric data is the measurement of human physical characteristics. This data is essential for designers to create products that fit and work well for their intended users.
Key Measurements
Designers use various body measurements including height, reach, grip size, and sitting dimensions to ensure their designs accommodate users effectively.
Applications:
- Furniture design
- Workspace layout
- Tool and equipment design
- Clothing and apparel
- Vehicle interiors
- Architecture
Percentiles
Designers typically design for the 5th to 95th percentile range to accommodate the majority of users.
Important Considerations:
- Gender differences
- Age variations
- Cultural differences
- Geographic variations
1.2 Ergonomics
Ergonomics is the study of people's efficiency in their working environment. It focuses on optimizing the interaction between humans and the systems they use.
Physical Ergonomics
Concerns human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical characteristics.
- Working postures
- Material handling
- Repetitive movements
- Workplace layout
Cognitive Ergonomics
Focuses on mental processes and human-system interaction.
- Mental workload
- Decision-making
- Human-computer interaction
- User interface design
Organizational Ergonomics
Optimization of sociotechnical systems.
- Communication
- Work design
- Team dynamics
- Quality management
1.3 User-Centered Design
User-centered design places the needs, wants, and limitations of end users at the center of the design process.
Core Principles
- Early focus on users and tasks
- Empirical measurement
- Iterative design
- Integrated design
Design Process Steps
1. Research
- User interviews
- Observations
- Surveys
- Market analysis
2. Design
- Prototyping
- Wireframing
- Mockups
3. Evaluation
- User testing
- Feedback collection
- Usability studies